Power quality improvement and energy management in hybrid microgrids using a dual-optimization approach

Energy Management (EM) in hybrid Microgrids (MGs) is essential for coordinating Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) and Hybrid Energy Storage Systems (HESSs) to ensure Power Quality (PQ), stable operation, and efficient power flow. Existing optimization–prediction approaches often address these issues in isolation or require high computational overhead, limiting their real-time applicability. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes a novel dual-optimization framework combining the Artificial Lemming Algorithm (ALA) with the Temporal Kolmogorov–Arnold Network (TKAN), referred to as ALA-TKAN. Unlike conventional methods, ALA-TKAN integrates metaheuristic-based optimization of power flow and HESS scheduling with sequence-aware forecasting of load and renewable generation, enabling proactive and coordinated EM under dynamic conditions. Implemented in MATLAB, the proposed method demonstrates superior performance compared with state-of-the-art techniques such as PDO-MACNN, BWO, PSO, ANN, and MRA-FLC, achieving minimal power loss (2.9 MW), highest efficiency (99.2%), lowest energy cost (0.8 $/Wh), and reduced THD (1.4%). These results confirm the novelty and practical potential of ALA-TKAN as a unified, computationally efficient strategy for PQ enhancement and reliable operation of hybrid MGs.