Smart tillage systems for soil moisture conservation in highland root crop forms

Smart tillage systems are a revolutionary way to conserve soil moisture in highland root crop farms,where steep scarp, erratic rainfalls, and amplified runoff often affect the health of the soil and the crop growth. This study examines the efficiency of sensor assisted tillage mechanism and precision soil management through the maintenance of soil water status and the improvement of yield response of
root crops (-potato, yam, and carrot) under highland agro-ecological conditions. Through the combination of Internet of Things (IoT)-based soil moisture sensors, adaptive tillage depth controllers and real-time analysis of the terrain, smart tillage is able to maximize soil structure, minimize surface evaporation and maximize infiltration capacity. The study utilizes comparative field trials and remote sensing indices including Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) to measure variations of soil's
water retention under different tillage regimes. Results show that smart tillage promotes higher volumetric water content in the root zone and contributes to the improved soil porosity and nutrient availability as compared to the conventional tillage. The findings emphasize that moisture-responsive tillage not only contributes to increasing water use efficiency and yield stability, but also facilitates
long-term sustainability of highland agriculture systems while providing a feasible pathway of new technologies on the way to climate resilience of soil management in root crop cultivation.