Extraction and characterization of natural fibers from Muntingia calabura twigs for sustainable applications

Sustainable development in materials is essential to address the growing environmental concerns associated with resource depletion, pollution, and waste accumulation. The increasing reliance on synthetic and nonbiodegradable materials has led to significant ecological challenges, including carbon emissions, microplastic contamination, and landfill overflow1 . By adopting sustainable materials such as plant-based fibers, biodegradable polymers, and recycled composites industries can reduce their carbon footprint, minimize waste generation, and promote circular economy principles2 . Additionally, sustainable materials play a crucial role in biomedical applications, where biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and eco-friendly disposal are critical factors. The demand for greener alternatives is further driven by regulatory policies, consumer awareness, and the need for long-term resource conservation3 . Advancing sustainable material development not only ensures
environmental protection but also fosters innovation in medical, construction, and industrial sectors, paving the
way for a healthier and more sustainable future4
. Plant fibers have gained significant attention as eco-friendly reinforcement materials in biomedical applications, aligning with the principles of sustainable development.